Myopia is nearsightedness; elongated axial length is a common etiological factor.

• A. Myopia Is Nearsightedness; Elongated Axial Length.
• B. Myopia Is Farsightedness; Elongated Axial Length.
• C. Myopia Is Nearsightedness; Shorter Axial Length.
• D. Myopia Is Farsightedness; Elongated Cornea.

Answer: (A)

Myopia is a nearsighted refractive error where distant objects are blurry because the focal point falls in front of the retina. This happens most commonly when the eye is longer than normal along its axis, so light rays come to a focus anterior to the retina. That’s why pairing nearsightedness with elongated axial length is the best fit—the elongated axial length directly explains why distant vision is blurred.

Farsightedness (hyperopia) would occur if the eye were too short or the corneal power was too weak, not when it’s too long. A shorter axial length would produce hyperopia, not myopia. While changes in corneal curvature can affect refraction, the statement highlighting elongated axial length as the common factor aligns with the typical mechanism taught for myopia.